Qus

Qus (Arabic: قوص, derived from Ancient Egyptian Gesa or Gesy‎) is a city in the modern Qena Governorate, Egypt, located on the east bank of the Nile. Its modern name is one of many borrowings in Egyptian Arabic from Coptic, the last living phase of Ancient Egyptian. In Graeco-Roman times, it was called Apollonopolis Parva or Apollinopolis Parva (Greek: Ἀπόλλωνος ἡ μικρά^[1]; Ἀπόλλων μικρός^[2]), or Apollonos minoris^[3].

The ancient city of Gesa stood on the eastern bank of the Nile, and belonged to the Hypseliote nome. Its necropolis was located opposite of the city, on the western bank.

Gesa was an important city in the early part of Egyptian history. Because at that time it served as the point of departure for expeditions to the Red Sea. The city gradually lost its importance, only to regain it in the 13th century with the opening of an alternate commercial route to the Red Sea. Since then, Qus replaced Qift as the primary commercial center for trading with Africa, India, and Arabia. It thus became the second most important Islamic city in medieval Egypt, after Cairo.

Nowadays, only two pylons of the Ptolemaic temple of Harwer (Horus the Elder) and Heqet remain.

Today, Qus is the site of a major American/German commercial project to convert the waste products of sugar cane refining (bagasse) into paper products.

The modern population of Qus is around 300,000.

References

1. ^ Steph. B. s. v.
2. ^ Hierocl. p. 731
3. ^ It. Anton. p. 158

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed (1854–57). "^{article name needed}". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.